MAGAZINE  №1 (102) - 2021

AUTHORS 

ELYASHEVICH I.P.

FEDOROVA T.V. - environmental projects specialist, «EcoTechnologies» (Moscow, Russia)

CATEGORY Green Logistics& Supply Chain Inventory management Return flows management (reverse logistics)

ABSTRACT

Over the past 70 years, the production of plastics worldwide has increased 215 times – from 1.5 million tons in 1950 to 322 million tons in 2015 [Darrin Qualman, 2017], and already in 2017, production volumes exceeded 400 million tons [UN Environment, 2018]. Plastics are produced from by-products of the oil and gas industry, primarily from associated petroleum gas. According to Plastics Europe – the European Association of Plastic Producers, between 4 and 6% of the oil produced is used for plastic production [Plastics Europe, 2017]. According to experts, this figure may reach 20% by 2050, due to the growing demand for plastic products, which increases the need for their production. Although renewable, the Earth's oil and gas reserves are limited, and they cannot be used forever to make new polymer products.

According to the report of the multinational company "BP" [BP, 2018], the world's oil reserves will last for 50.2 years, gas-for 52.8 years. In Russia, as one of the largest countries producing hydrocarbon raw materials, oil and gas reserves with existing exploration technologies will last for 25.8 and 55 years, respectively. At the same time, many products can be produced completely or partially without the use of polymers. In addition, plastic waste can be used as a secondary raw material, so that the demand for oil and gas processing products can be reduced.

Plastic waste produced by businesses and the public is a global problem [UN Environment, 2018] that threatens the health of people and the entire ecosystem of the Earth. At the same time, plastics take a very long time to decompose in the environment. For different types of plastic, these terms are in the range from 100 to 500 years. Plastic breaks down into small particles – microplastics that cannot be completely recycled by the ecosystem, such as paper or wood. This microplastic penetrates into the soil, as well as into water bodies and thus ends up in the stomachs of animals and fish. The United Nations estimates that every year 1 million seabirds, 100,000 marine mammals and turtles, as well as countless fish die from microplastics entering their bodies [Sustainable Development United Nations, 2017].

Damage to the ecosystem can be avoided if non-degradable waste is not allowed to enter the environment. To do this, the production cycle must be closed. Thus, many companies around the world began to move from linear supply chains to closed ones, in which return flow management or reverse logistics appeared. Therefore, the task of organizing work with plastic waste is quite relevant in scientific and practical terms.

 Electronic version

 Keywords:  

• ClosedLoop

• supply chain

• inventory management

• recycling

• Green logistics

• return flows

• waste management

MAGAZINE  №6 (95) December 2019

AUTHORS Lakhno Y.V.

CATEGORY  Industrial companies’ corporate logistics Supply chains reliability and sustainability Return flows management (reverse logistics) Modern concepts and technologies in logistics and SCM

ABSTRACT

 A significant increase in clothing production, following the optimization of the largest brands supply chains, has led to modern consumers considering the cheapest items of clothing almost disposable. Clothing production, especially from synthetic fibers, leaves a significant environmental footprint, and as a result of the accumulation of things in landfills, environmental pollution has increased markedly. In recent years, in order to remain valuable to consumers, corporations managing the largest fashion supply chains have become more environmentally, socially and business friendly. The growing population and the ingrained need for new fashion items make it necessary to further study the issues of sustainable development of clothing supply chains.
The article is devoted to the study of best practices in the field of clothing recycling management that allow minimizing the negative impact on the environment.
The following issues were researched: to consider measures taken in various countries to reduce clothing dumps, to identify the composition of partners involved in operations for collecting, sorting and processing material flows in the supply chains of fashion clothing; to analyze the experience of major global corporations in involving buyers in clothing processing; to identify problems and prospects for the development of the practice of processing clothing flows in the supply chains.
The following results of Russian and foreign researchers were used as theoretical and methodological basis of the study: first, the diversity of participants in the fashion industry, as well as the increasing scale of the problem of landfills and waste, indicate the need to use a systematic approach to problem-solving; second, modern supply chains do not develop without being transparent, which is provided by digital technologies; third, to ensure sustainable development, companies create closed supply chains, which involves re-designing supply chains and improving the efficiency of return flow management.
The empirical base of the study was made up of the experience of companies included in the Gartner rating of the 25 largest supply chains in 2019, materials from clothing manufacturers ' associations and international analytical companies.
The paper differentiates partners involved in the processing of clothing, identifies areas of use of new technologies that contribute to the processing of second-hand items. Based on the analysis, measures that allow developing the practice of closed supply chains in the fashion industry were identified. The paper concludes that recycling is still an expensive and complex process in the organization, leading to companies finding solutions for the reuse of clothing, giving it a fashionable appearance; ecological design is given more significance when the technology of clothes processing is laid down at the stage of creating clothes.

 Electronic version

 Keywords:  supply chain management closedloop supply chain management recycling reverse logistics reverse material flow Industry 40

MAGAZINE  №5 (94) October 2019

AUTHORS ELYASHEVICH I.P., ELYASHEVICH E.R.

CATEGORY  Industrial companies’ corporate logistics Green Logistics & Supply Chain Return flows management (reverse logistics)

ABSTRACT

 The search for effective ways of waste management is an urgent scientific and practical task that companies involved in various sectors of the economy face. On the one hand, this is due to the need to comply with environmental legislation which imposes requirements to reduce the negative burden on the environment in the implementation of their activities. On the other hand, the effective organization of waste collection and transfer for recycling can help reduce the costs of companies and create an additional source of income, which will increase business profitability.
The article considers possible directions of work with waste generated in result of domestic retail chain companies' activities. The classification which can be used for the purposes of separate waste collection organization and their subsequent processing is offered. The analysis of logistics theory method whose modification will promote introduction of ecological principles in retail business is carried out. The results of domestic market analysis of waste processing, their nomenclature, and specifics of treatment, and prices for disposal are presented. Calculations of possible revenues of retail chain companies from waste transfer to recycling are based on industry averages.
The methodological principles set forth in the article are based on a systematic analysis of the relationships between the elements of logistics and environmental systems in the process of managing direct and return material flows. The methods of technical, economic and financial analysis, mathematical statistics and information processing were used to assess the economic efficiency of the solutions proposed in the article. The calculations carried out show that the organization and implementation of separate waste collection by retail chain enterprises can reduce the cost of removal and disposal of waste and have a positive impact on the environment.

 Electronic version

 Keywords:  Green logistics return flows return flows management return management recycling solid waste waste management municipal solid waste